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一般单位消防安全“四个能力”建设标准

  
评论: 更新日期:2016年07月05日

 

一、                                                                                                                             检查消除火灾隐患能力
1.                                                                                                                                    单位应按以下要求开展防火检查、巡查:
(1)                                                                                                             单位消防安全责任人、消防安全管理人每月应至少组织一次防火检查;
(2)                                                                                                             单位内设部门负责人每周应开展防火检查;
(3)                                                                                                             消防安全重点单位每日应进行防火巡查,其他单位每日应对消防安全重点部位进行防火巡查;
(4)                                                                                                             员工每日应进行岗位防火检查。
2.                                                                                                                                    单位及其内设部门组织开展防火检查应包括下列内容:
(1)                                                                                                             消防安全制度、消防安全管理措施和消防安全操作规程的执行和落实情况;
(2)                                                                                                             用火、用电有无违章;
(3)                                                                                                             新建、改建、扩建及装修工程有无违章;
(4)                                                                                                             疏散通道、安全出口和消防车通道是否畅通;
(5)                                                                                                             消防设施、器材和消防水源是否完好;
(6)                                                                                                             消防(控制室)值班人员值班情况,消防安全重点部位管理情况;
(7)                                                                                                             灭火和应急疏散预案的制定与演练情况;
(8)                                                                                                             员工消防知识掌握情况;
(9)                                                                                                             防火巡查、火灾隐患整改及防范措施落实情况;
(10)                                                                                                         其他消防安全情况。
3.                                                                                                                                    单位组织开展防火巡查应包括下列内容:
(1)                                                                                                             用火、用电有无违章;
(2)                                                                                                             疏散通道、安全出口是否畅通;
(3)                                                                                                             消防设施器材、消防安全标志是否完好;
(4)                                                                                                             重点部位员工在岗在位情况;
(5)                                                                                                             其他消防安全情况。
4.                                                                                                                                    员工岗位防火检查应包括下列内容:
(1)                                                                                                             用火、用电有无违章;
(2)                                                                                                             疏散通道、安全出口是否畅通;
(3)                                                                                                             消防器材、消防安全标志完好情况;
(4)                                                                                                             场所有无遗留火种;
(5)                                                                                                             其他消防安全情况。
5.                                                                                                                                    因工作需要确需动用明火时,单位消防安全管理部门应指定专人到场监护,并进行下列内容的防火检查:
(1)                                                                                                             是否办理动火许可证,动火操作人员是否具备动火资格,动火监护人是否在位;
(2)                                                                                                             动火地点与周围建筑、设施等防火间距是否符合要求,动火地点附近四周是否有影响消防安全的物品;
(3)                                                                                                             电焊电源、接地点是否符合防火要求;
(4)                                                                                                             焊具是否合格,燃气、氧气瓶是否符合安全要求,放置地点是否符合规定;
(5)                                                                                                             动火期间的灭火应急措施是否落实。
6.                                                                                                                                    单位消防安全责任人对火灾隐患整改负总责,消防安全管理人和消防工作归口管理职能部门具体负责督促落实火灾隐患整改工作。
7.                                                                                                                                    发现火灾隐患应立即改正;不能立即改正的,发现人应向消防工作归口管理职能部门或消防安全管理人报告,消防工作归口管理职能部门或消防安全管理人应及时研究制定整改方案,确定整改措施、时限、部门和责任人,报消防安全责任人审批。
8.                                                                                                                                    火灾隐患整改完毕后,消防安全管理人应组织验收,并将验收结果报告消防安全责任人。
 
二、                                                                                                                             扑救初起火灾能力
1.                                                                                                                                    单位消防安全责任人、消防安全管理人应组织制定灭火和应急疏散预案,并组织演练。
2.                                                                                                                                    员工发现火灾应立即呼救并拨打“119”电话报警,起火部位现场员工应在1 min内形成第一灭火力量,采取如下措施:
(1)                                                                                                             火灾报警按钮或电话附近的员工,立即摁下按钮或拨电话通知消防控制室或值班人员;
(2)                                                                                                             消防设施、器材附近的员工使用现场消火栓、灭火器等设施器材灭火;
(3)                                                                                                             疏散通道或安全出口附近的员工引导人员疏散。
3.                                                                                                                                    火灾确认后,单位消防控制室或单位值班人员应立即启动灭火和应急疏散预案,在3 min内形成第二灭火力量,采取如下措施:
(1)                                                                                                             通讯联络组按照灭火和应急疏散预案要求通知员工赶赴火场,与公安消防队保持联络,向火场指挥员报告火灾情况,将火场指挥员的指令下达有关员工;
(2)                                                                                                             灭火行动组根据火灾情况使用本单位的消防设施、器材扑救初起火灾;
(3)                                                                                                             疏散引导组按分工组织引导现场人员疏散;
(4)                                                                                                             安全救护组协助抢救、护送受伤人员;
(5)                                                                                                             现场警戒组阻止无关人员进入火场,维持火场秩序。
 
 
三、                                                                                                                             组织疏散逃生能力
1.                                                                                                                                    员工应熟悉本单位疏散通道、安全出口,掌握疏散程序、逃生技能。
2.                                                                                                                                    单位应根据本单位实际,配备相应的火场疏散逃生装备、器材。
3.                                                                                                                                    单位应在每个楼层、疏散通道、安全出口明确疏散引导员,负责组织引导在场人员安全疏散。
4.                                                                                                                                    火灾发生时,疏散引导员应通过喊话、广播等方式,按照灭火和应急疏散预案要求通知、引导火场人员正确逃生。
5.                                                                                                                                    火灾无法控制时,单位火场总指挥应及时通知所有参加救援人员撤离。
四、                                                                                                                             消防宣传教育能力
1.                                                                                                                                    单位法定代表人或主要负责人、消防安全管理人应是消防安全明白人。消防安全明白人应熟知以下内容:
(1)                                                                                                             消防法律法规和消防安全职责;
(2)                                                                                                             本单位火灾危险性和防火措施;
(3)                                                                                                             依法应承担的消防安全行政和刑事责任。
2.                                                                                                                                    单位应确定专(兼)职消防宣传教育人员,经过专业培训,具备宣传教育能力。
3.                                                                                                                                    单位应利用展板、专栏、广播、电视、网络等形式开展消防宣传教育,在明显部位悬挂或张贴消防宣传标志。
4.                                                                                                                                    员工上岗、转岗前,应经消防安全培训合格;对在岗人员每半年进行一次消防安全培训。
5.                                                                                                                                    通过消防安全教育,员工应达到以下要求:
(1)                                                                                                             熟悉消防法律法规;
(2)                                                                                                             掌握消防安全职责、制度、操作规程、灭火和应急疏散预案;
(3)                                                                                                             掌握本单位、本岗位火灾危险性和防火措施;
(4)                                                                                                             掌握有关消防设施、器材操作使用方法;
(5)                                                                                                             会报警、会扑救初起火灾、会疏散逃生自救。
6.                                                                                                                                    单位应根据自身特点设置以下消防安全标志或图示:
(1)                                                                                                             消防设施标志。如:在消防设施、器材附近适当位置,用文字或图例标明名称和使用操作方法;
(2)                                                                                                             提示性标志。如:在显著位置设置单位总平面图,楼层、房间设置疏散指示图;疏散通道、安全出口按规定设置疏散指示标志;
(3)                                                                                                             警示性标志。如:在危险场所或重点部位设置禁止性标志。
7.                                                                                                                                    人员密集场所应在主要出入口设置“消防安全告知书”和“消防安全承诺书”。在显著位置和每个楼层提示场所的火灾危险性,疏散通道、安全出口位置及逃生路线,消防器材的位置和使用方法。
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