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2025安全月专题培训—如何查找身边安全隐患

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2025年
安全生产月专题培训
如何查找身边安全隐患

前言.什么是事故隐患？
“隐”即潜藏、隐蔽
“患”即祸患，不好的状况 
 隐 患——潜藏的祸患
事故隐患
             生产经营单位违反安全生产法律、法规、规章、标准、规程和安全生产管理制度的规定，或者因其他因素在生产经营活动中存在可能导致事故发生的物的不安全状态、人的不安全行为和管理上的缺陷。
——《安全生产事故隐患排查治理暂行规定》（第16号令）
范围	隐患	原因	后果

生产经营单位	物的危险状态
人的不安全行为
管理上的缺陷	违反法律法规
违反标准规范
违反规章制度
因其他因素	 事故发生
后果扩大
事故隐患定义
事故隐患内容：
（1）作业场所、设备设施、人的行为及安全管理等方面存在的不符合国家安全生产法律法规、标准规范和相关规章制度规定的情况。
事故隐患内容：
（2）法律法规、标准规范及相关制度未作明确规定，但企业危害识别过程中识别出作业场所、设备设施、人的行为及安全管理等方面存在的缺陷。 
为什么要隐患排查
对隐患视而不见——坐等事故发生！
10
隐患的发展
事故隐患
事件
未遂事故
事故

平台下方禁止站人和通行
安全
安全 = 治理事故隐患
将风险控制在可接受范围
12
为了预防1起死亡，我们必须要消除30000个事故隐患！
重点
险情
一点小伤
重伤
或大事件
小隐患往往酿成大事故！
   隐患排查需要全体员工的积极参与…….
全员参与目的
员工参与安全活动的渠道和平台
隐患排查与治理工作的要求
提升员工的安全意识及能力
提高企业的本质安全水平
减少事故的发生
排查内容
上  篇   人的不安全行为
杜邦事故成因统计
不安全状况
不安全行为
96%
4%
杜邦LTA事故分析
其他14%
一、人员的位置和姿势
冒险进入受限空间
转动设备旁
易被碰撞处
易坠落或摔倒处
物料易喷出、挥发处
易触电处
易夹伤处
其他
攀、坐不安全位置
2005年4月，某港口集装箱吊装作业
罐车司机在罐体旋转情况下爬至罐口清除残余的混凝土，头部绞入灌口死亡
山西石油“3.4”加油站内交通事故
地点：山西石油吕梁分公司化中站（委托管理站）
 事故经过：由于5号加油机读卡器故障，需要引导车辆倒车到6号加油机加油。加油工路海燕在车后指挥司机倒车时被货车撞倒并碾压。
 主要原因： 司机倒车速度快
 车辆装满货物，司机无法通过后视镜观察车后情况 
进入有限空间或可能存在有毒有害、易燃易爆气体空间作业前未按规定进行检测
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冒险进入危险场所
二.工具与设备的使用
    大部分作业会使用到工具，无论是用什么工具，都应遵循安全要求，避免事故的发生。
工具使用不当的风险
轻则伤及皮肉,损坏工具设备
重则危及生命
手工具操作的伤害原因
工具选用不当
工具本身存在缺陷
不正确的使用方法
未穿戴适当的个人防护

?工具选用不当
选择正确的工具
考虑工具的用途，形状，大小
要考虑到工具的质量，禁止使用自制工具
在易燃物附近工作时使用防火花工具
备注：59
备注：Slide Show Notes
Consider the shape and size of the tool and the handle or grip - the tool should be comfortable to hold and should fit your hand properly. Do not select undersized tools
Consider the quality of the tool. Cheaper tools are more likely to break, get damaged, or become dull. Select high-quality tools.
Iron and steel hand tools can generate sparks, which are dangerous around flammable substances. Instead, use spark-resistant tools made from brass, plastic, aluminum, or wood.
Use insulated tools when working around electricity. Select tools that are rated for the voltage you will be working near. Also, do not work on or near energized electrical equipment unless you are properly trained.

爆炸危险区域使用非防爆工具
 ?工具本身存在缺陷
 ?不正确的使用方法
按照使用说明书使用
2005年4月2日，某厂钳工徐某准备用砂轮切割机切下一批45毫米的角钢料。
2、徐某将角钢放入已调好高度的切割机夹料钳口槽，但未紧固。 
3、切割中徐某用一只脚踩住角钢，因嫌切割太慢，徐某有时用力压把。
在一次重压操作中，只听“砰”的一声响，砂轮崩飞，碎片造成徐某全身
二十多处重伤，险些丧命 
螺丝刀
选择好用平头或者十字头
螺丝刀头大小合适
螺丝刀不能当撬杠或凿子用
备注：67
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using a screwdriver:
Select the right type of screwdriver head for the task. Do not try to use a flat head to turn a Philips head screw.
Select the right size head screwdriver for the task. The head should fit perfectly into the head of the screw.
If the task requires a power grip, make sure the handle is 1-1/4” to 2” in diameter, does not have sharp edges, and has a soft surface. The correct handle size is needed to comfortably wrap your hand around the handle.
Precision handles should be 1/4” to 1/2” diameter to easily operate the screwdriver with your fingers.
Never use a screwdriver as a pry bar or chisel. You could bend the tip or shatter the handle.
Bring in screwdrivers commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate screwdriver safety.
锤子
检查手柄有无损坏
确定锤子头与手柄固定好
握紧手柄
另一只手远离

备注：68
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using a hammer:
Inspect the handle for any signs of cracking, splits, etc.
Make sure the hammer head is firmly attached to the handle.
Hold the hammer with a power grip, which includes all of your fingers wrapped around the handle.
Keep your off-hand away from the hammer’s strike zone.
Bring in hammers commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate hammer safety.

冲子
检查头部
检查敲击头
保持冲子直立
用榔头居中敲击

备注：69
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using a punch:
Inspect the point to make sure it is sharp and not damaged in any way. If necessary, have it sharpened.
Inspect the impact head to make sure it is in good condition. A mushroomed head is more likely to splinter or break when struck by the hammer.
Hold the punch straight up and down with one hand.
Strike it squarely with the hammer in your other hand.
Bring in punches commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate punch safety.
凿子
检查刀刃
检查手柄
如果敲击头变蘑菇状不要使用
把刀刃指向身体的反方向
备注：70
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using a chisel:
Inspect the blade—make sure it is sharp and not chipped. Sharpen if needed.
Inspect the handle and the impact head for any signs of damage.
Do not use chisels if the impact head is mushroomed. The handle is more likely to splinter or break apart when struck by a hammer.
When using a chisel, do not point the blade toward your body. The chisel could go through the material and then strike your body.
Bring in chisels commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate chisel safety.

锉刀
保证刀片干净、锋利
检查手柄
锉物时向外用力
不能把锉刀当撬杠或榔头用
备注：71
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using a file:
Make sure the file blades are clean and sharp.
If the file has a handle, inspect it for any signs of damage such as cracks or splinters.
File with a motion away from your body.
Do not try to pry or hammer with a file.
Bring in files commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate file safety.
金属剪刀
刀刃锋利
把手完好
带弹簧式能自动张开
戴防割手套
向外向剪
备注：72
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using hand snips:
Blades should be sharp.
Handle grips should be in good condition to prevent slippage.
Spring-loaded handles should return to open position.
Wear cut-resistant gloves if cutting sheet metal.
Cut away from your body.
Bring in hand snips commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate hand snips safety.
斧头 
检查手柄是否损坏
斧头与手柄连接固定好
一定要握紧
把另一只手移开
用双手时用好力
摆动过程中不要碰到自己的身体
备注：73
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using an axe:
Inspect the handle for any signs of cracking, splits, etc.
Make sure the axe head is firmly attached to the handle.
Hold the axe with a power grip, which includes all of your fingers wrapped around the handle.
Keep your off-hand away from the axe’s strike zone.
When using a 2-handed axe, make sure the area around you is clear of obstructions and other people. Stand with a wide stance and make sure you have good footing.
Swing in such a way that if you were to miss the object you are trying to chop, the motion of your swing would not bring the axe toward you and strike your body.
Bring in axes commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate axe safety.
刀子
检查刀刃
检查手柄
携带时注意安全
朝身体的反方向用力割
戴防割手套
固定好要切割的物体

备注：74
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using a knife:
Inspect the blade to make sure it is sharp.
Check the handle to make sure it is firmly attached to the blade and there are no signs of damage.
Carry the knife safely by either closing the knife or inserting the knife into its sheath. If necessary, carry an open knife down by your side with the blade pointed down and away from your body.
Always cut away from your body.
Wear a cut-resistant glove on your off-hand.
Secure objects you are cutting in a vice grip or in another way. Do not hold the object with your other hand—many knife-related injuries occur when the knife slips and cuts the hand holding the material being cut.
Bring in knives commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate knife safety.
割刀
检查刀刃
检查手柄
不用时把刀刃缩回
朝身体的反方向用力割
戴防割手套
固定好要切割的物体

备注：75
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using a box cutter:
Inspect the blade to make sure it is sharp. Replace the blade if necessary.
Check the handle to make sure it is firmly attached to the blade, and there are no signs of damage.
Close the blade whenever the knife is not being used.
Always cut away from your body.
Wear a cut-resistant glove on your off-hand.
Secure work with a vice or clamp. Do not hold the object with your other hand—many box cutter-related injuries occur when the box cutter slips and cuts the hand holding the material being cut.
Bring in box cutters commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate box cutter safety.
扳手
检查扳手钳口
选择防滑型，戴软套的手柄
使用时朝身体方使劲（拉动）
扳手（手柄）转动区域内无阻碍
不能使用“加力杆”

备注：76
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using a wrench:
Inspect the jaws of the wrench. Wrenches, including adjustable, pipe, end, and socket wrenches, should not be used when jaws are sprung to the point that slippage occurs.
Select wrenches that have non-slip, soft-coated handles.
Turn wrenches toward your body because you have better control over the work.
When possible, try to clear the area around your wrench work in case the wrench slips or the object you are working on breaks loose. This will prevent your hand from smashing into a nearby object.
Do not use a “cheater bar” with a wrench to get the extra leverage you think you need.
Bring in wrenches commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate wrench safety.
带钩撬杠
检查有无损坏的迹象
戴好劳保手套
不要用榔头砸到位，除非设计时如此
拉动时平稳，不要急拉、推或扭
备注：77
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using a crowbar or pry bar:
Inspect the bar for any signs of damage, such as cracks.
Wear work gloves to protect your hands from metal spurs.
Do not hammer between objects unless the crow bar or pry bar is designed to be hammered into place.
Pull on the pry bar or crow bar in a smooth motion; do not jerk the crow bar. Jerking may cause whatever you are prying to break or splinter, and you could go flying in the direction of your motion.
Bring in crowbars and pry bars commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate crowbar and pry bar safety.
手锯
要使锯刃锋利
检查手柄
把被锯物固定在台钳或夹子上
均匀用力
戴防割手套
备注：78
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using a handsaw:
Make sure the blade is sharp. If not, sharpen the blade or replace it.
Inspect the handle on the handsaw for signs of damage.
Secure the object you are cutting in a vise or clamps.
Cut back and forth in a smooth motion.
Wear leather work gloves or cut-resistant gloves when handling saws.
Bring in handsaws commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate handsaw safety.
手钳
检查有无损坏
使用带柔软防滑手柄的钳子
当需要连续用力时使用带锁紧装置的手钳子
选择双手都可以使用的手钳子

备注：79
备注：Slide Show Notes
When using pliers:
Inspect the pliers for any signs of damage.
Use pliers that have soft, non-slip grip handles.
Use locking pliers if continuous force is needed to hold firmly to an object for a period of time.
Select pliers that can be used in either hand.
Bring in pliers commonly used in your workplace and demonstrate plier safety.
三.劳保用品的使用
使用空呼

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